The province of Golestān is in the southeast of the Caspian Sea with an area of 20,380.7 square km. The center of Golestān province is Gorgān.
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About Golestan Province
The historical background of this land dates back to 7,000 years ago and the Kiaram Cave, located in the village of Galikesh (Farang), it dates back to the Paleolithic period. Recent research has shown that the Gorgān region has been home to pre-Aryan civilization since 6,000 years ago; the earliest works of the Neolithic period have been found from the Kamarband and Hoto cave near Behshahr. These works indicate the acquaintance of the people of that time to pottery, knitting, domestication of animals such as mountain goats and the polished stone tools. Explorations of Torang-Tappeh Hill, near Gorgān, have also shown that the area has large villages, massive pottery and irrigation, as much as the burned city in Sistān. The name of this land has been alternately written in the Achaemenid script, including the statue of Dariush in BiSotoun as Varganeh, in Pahlavi scripts as Gurkan. The Varg word in the language of Tabari means the wolf.
The history of human settlements in the territory of Gorgān dates to a millennium BC. The evidences of the ancient city of Jorjān are near the current city of Gorgān. This was one of the important cities of Iran, located on the Silk Road. The Gorgān of today was known as Astar-Abad, one of the archaic cities of Iran. Other communities such as the Baluch, Turks, Afqāns and Armenians also reside in this area, and have preserved their traditions and rituals.
Golestān enjoys mild and a temperate climate most of the year. Geographically, it is divided into two sections: The plains, and the mountains of Alborz range. In the eastern Alborz section, the direction of mountains faces northeast and gradually decreases in height. The highest point of the province is Shavar, with a height of 3,945 meters. Golestān province is divided into two sections, being the plain and mountainous parts, in the direction of Alborz Mountains, surrounding the shore and Caspian plain like an elevated wall. The ground slope reduces from the heights to the plains towards the Caspian Sea. In the southern and eastern plains of the Caspian Sea, influenced by the movements of earth and local winds, sandy hills have formed and a natural shallow dam has been created between the plain and the sea. In the eastern Alborz, the direction of mountains is towards the northeast and gradually reduces in height. Its southern mountains are Abar-Kouh Mountains and its highest summit being Shavar. The northern range is Shah-Kouh which confronts the plain of Gorgān like a wall. Its highest peak being Pirgard, reaching a height of 3,204 m.
The Turkmens reside in the north of the province, a plain called Turkmen Sahra. From the 15th century, these formerly nomadic people have lived in this area, the main cities of which are Gonbad-e Kavus and Bandar Torkaman. Turkmens are Muslim and follow the Hanafi school of Sunni interpretation. They are a sizable minority at cities such as Gorgān, Ali Abad, Kalaleh and many of eastern townships. Turkmens are totally Sunni in their makeup.
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Handicrafts
Handicrafts of Golestan
Food & Drink
Due to its variety of ethnic groups and the neighboring cultures impact, the cuisine of Iran is diverse. vegetables are frequently used, along with fruits such as plums, pomegranate, quince, prunes, apricots, and raisins. To achieve a balanced taste, characteristic flavorings such as saffron, dried lime, cinnamon, and parsley are mixed delicately and used in some special dishes. Onion and garlic are commonly used in the preparation of the accompanying course, but are also served separately during meals, either in raw or pickled form. Iranian best foods include:
Persian Kebabs
Qeymeh
Dizi
Qormeh Sabzi
Persian Rice
Aash-e Reshteh
Khoresht-e fesenjan
Sabzi Polo Ba Mahi
Kookoo or Kuku
Tahchin
Chegdermeh
Heli Ash
Sak Stew
Boulameh
Halvay-e Amaj